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被动语态 Passive Voice B1 · 中级

被动语态用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者，或者在不知道/不需要说明执行者时使用。

一、构成规则​

结构：be + 过去分词 (p.p.)

时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时He cleans the room.The room is cleaned.
一般过去时He cleaned the room.The room was cleaned.
一般将来时He will clean the room.The room will be cleaned.
现在进行时He is cleaning the room.The room is being cleaned.
现在完成时He has cleaned the room.The room has been cleaned.
情态动词He can clean the room.The room can be cleaned.

二、句子成分分析​

🔍句子成分分析
This bridge was built in 1990.
This bridge主语（动作承受者）
was built被动谓语
in 1990时间状语

三、主动变被动的步骤​

主动：Tom    wrote    this letter.
      主语    谓语      宾语
        ↓       ↓        ↓
被动：This letter  was written  (by Tom).
      新主语       被动谓语     施动者（可省略）

:::info 三步变换法

  1. 将原句的宾语变为新句的主语
  2. 谓语变为 be + p.p.（be 的时态与原句保持一致）
  3. 原来的主语变为 by + 施动者（可省略） :::

四、用法详解​

1. 强调动作承受者​

📝

The window was broken by the children.

窗户被孩子们打破了。

💡重点在于'窗户被打破'，而非谁打破的

2. 不知道或不需要说明执行者​

📝

My bike was stolen last night.

我的自行车昨晚被偷了。

💡不知道是谁偷的，省略 by...
📝

English is spoken all over the world.

英语在全世界被使用。

💡执行者是'全世界的人'，无需特别指明

3. 各时态的被动语态​

📝

The report will be finished by Friday.

报告将在周五之前完成。

💡一般将来时的被动语态：will be + p.p.
📝

The road is being repaired right now.

这条路目前正在修缮中。

💡现在进行时的被动语态：is being + p.p.
📝

The homework has been submitted.

作业已经提交了。

💡现在完成时的被动语态：has been + p.p.

4. 含情态动词的被动语态​

📝

This problem can be solved easily.

这个问题可以很容易地解决。

💡情态动词 + be + p.p.
📝

The rules must be followed by everyone.

规则必须被每个人遵守。

五、常见被动语态固定搭配​

搭配含义示例
be made of由…制成（看得出原料）The desk is made of wood.
be made from由…制成（看不出原料）Paper is made from wood.
be known as被称为He is known as the "King of Pop."
be covered with被…覆盖The ground is covered with snow.
be interested in对…感兴趣She is interested in music.
be surprised at对…感到惊讶We were surprised at the news.

六、实战练习​

💡练习题

The Great Wall _____ thousands of years ago.

💡练习题

The bridge _____ by the end of next month.

💡练习题

English _____ (speak) in many countries around the world.

💡练习题

The new hospital _____ (build) right now.

💡练习题

「The letter has been write.」这句话语法正确。

七、小结​

:::tip 记忆口诀 被动语态 be + done； 强调承受不说人； 各种时态 be 变化； 情态动词加 be done； by 后施动可省略。 :::

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