定语从句 Relative Clauses B1 · 中级

定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，相当于一个形容词的功能。四级考试中考查频率极高。

一、关系代词一览

关系代词	指代	在从句中的成分	示例
who	人	主语	The man who called you is my dad.
whom	人	宾语	The girl whom I met is kind.
whose	人/物	定语（…的）	The boy whose bag was lost cried.
which	物	主语/宾语	The book which I bought is great.
that	人/物	主语/宾语	The song that she sang was beautiful.

二、句子成分分析

🔍句子成分分析

The student who won the prize is my classmate.

The student主语

who won the prize定语从句（修饰 student）

is谓语

my classmate表语

三、限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句（不加逗号）

信息必不可少，去掉后句意不完整。

📝

The students who passed the exam were very happy.

通过考试的学生们非常高兴。

💡限制性从句：只有通过考试的学生才高兴，并非所有学生

非限制性定语从句（加逗号）

信息是补充说明，去掉后句意仍然完整。不能用 that。

📝

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history.

北京是中国的首都，有着悠久的历史。

💡非限制性从句：补充说明北京是首都。不能用 that 替换 which

四、关系代词的选择

只能用 that 的情况

1. 先行词是 everything / anything / nothing 等不定代词
2. 先行词被 最高级 修饰
3. 先行词被 序数词 修饰
4. 先行词同时包含人和物

📝

This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

💡先行词被最高级 best 修饰，只能用 that

📝

Is there anything that I can do for you?

有什么我能帮你的吗？

💡先行词是不定代词 anything，只能用 that

只能用 which 的情况

1. 非限制性定语从句中指物
2. 介词后面

📝

The house in which he lives is very old.

他住的那栋房子很旧了。

💡介词 in 后面只能用 which，不能用 that

五、关系代词作宾语时可省略

📝

The movie (that/which) we watched last night was exciting.

我们昨晚看的那部电影很刺激。

💡that/which 在从句中作宾语，可以省略

六、实战练习

💡练习题

This is the most interesting book _____ I have ever read.

💡练习题

The girl _____ father is a doctor studies very hard.

💡练习题

Beijing, _____ is the capital of China, attracts millions of tourists.

💡练习题

Is there anything _____ you want to say? (用关系代词)

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