名词性从句 Noun Clauses B2 · 中高级

名词性从句在句中充当名词的角色，可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

一、引导词分类

引导词	功能	示例
that	无含义，只起连接作用	I know that he is honest.
whether/if	是否	I wonder whether she will come.
what	什么 / …的东西	What he said surprised me.
who/whom	谁	I don't know who did it.
when/where/how/why	何时/何地/如何/为何	Tell me where you live.

二、宾语从句（最常考）

放在动词后面，充当宾语。

📝

I believe that he is telling the truth.

我相信他说的是真话。

💡that 从句作 believe 的宾语，that 可省略

📝

She asked me whether I had finished the report.

她问我是否完成了报告。

💡宾语从句表示'是否'，用 whether/if 引导

📝

Can you tell me where the nearest hospital is?

你能告诉我最近的医院在哪吗？

💡宾语从句用陈述语序（不倒装）：where + 主语 + 谓语

:::warning 宾语从句两大考点

1. 陈述语序：从句中主语在谓语前面。 ❌ where is he → ✅ where he is
2. 时态一致：主句过去时，从句一般也用过去时（客观真理除外） :::

三、主语从句

放在句首，充当主语。

📝

What he said made everyone laugh.

他说的话让大家都笑了。

💡what 从句整体作主语

📝

It is obvious that she is lying.

很明显她在说谎。

💡It 作形式主语，真正主语是 that 从句（更常用的写法）

四、表语从句

放在 be 动词后面，充当表语。

📝

The problem is that we don't have enough money.

问题是我们没有足够的钱。

💡that 从句作 is 的表语

五、同位语从句

解释说明前面的抽象名词（news, fact, idea, hope, belief 等）。

📝

The news that he had passed the exam made us happy.

他通过考试的消息让我们很高兴。

💡that 从句解释 news 的内容。注意与定语从句的区别

:::info 同位语从句 vs 定语从句

• 同位语从句：that 不作任何成分，解释名词的内容（that = 即）
• 定语从句：that 在从句中充当主语或宾语（that = 代替先行词）

对比：

• The news that he told me was exciting. → 定语从句（that = news，作 told 的宾语）
• The news that he won the prize was exciting. → 同位语从句（解释 news 的内容） :::

六、实战练习

💡练习题

Could you tell me _____ the meeting will start?

💡练习题

_____ she said at the meeting surprised everyone.

💡练习题

The fact _____ the earth goes around the sun is known to all.

💡练习题

I don't know _____ he will come or not. (是否)

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